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I am going to be looking at the expected stage of development for a baby that is 12 months old. I am going to be writing about what a baby is expected to do as far as their development at this age and then I'm going to be looking at what changes there would be in their development after another two months.
A baby will be 1 year old at the age of 12 months old and they will be celebrating their first birthday. Babies at 12 months babies will tend to look at an adult before they do something e.g. looking at you before they try to put their hand in plug socket or something they shouldn't be put their hands in. They will be starting to do things the way it should be done e.g. holding a hair brush and brushing their own hair or maybe brushing someone else’s hair. Babies at 12 months will also be finding out ways that things happen e.g. pulling a table cloth off the table and plates and cups fall on the floor. They will start to know what comes next or what's going to happen next e.g. finishing the end of a song before everyone else has got to that part of the song. At 12 months babies will be starting to be able to do more than one thing at a time, they will also start to remember where things are like the cupboards with the toys in, where the crayons are kept, they will be able to crawl or walk to the crayons to reach them.
At 12 months old it will be important to babies that they feel secure and safe so they can explore the world around them and to be more independent and do things on their own. They will now be strongly attached to someone that is close to them e.g. parents, family members, friends and maybe their key worker if they go to a childcare setting. Some babies may be shyer than other children and may not want to explore like some children.
Babies at 12 months think that their world has changed considerably at this age because they are becoming more mobile and they are crawling all the time and cursing along and using different furniture to give them support. Some babies at this age may be starting to walk or they might already be walking. At 12 months old some babies may still be shy when they are round people they don't know, most babies will have a favourite comfort toy/object e.g. a teddy or a blanket or a dummy might be their comfort. At 12 months babies language will start to develop small conversation with growing imitation meaning they will start to copy what other do, but there will be very few words that will be recognisible. Babies at 12 months will be improving their own sense of identity.
Physical Development
At 12 months old babies will be using their gross motor skills a lot. Babies will be able to rise on their own to a sitting position from when they are lying down. They will now be able to rise and stand up on their own without hold onto furniture or someone’s hands. They will then be able to stand for a few moments and then they will usually sit down. Babies will crawl on their hands and knees and they will bottom shuffle or they may use their hands and feet to move quickly on the floor which is called 'bear-walking'. Some babies will be able to walk on their own, their feet will be wide apart and their arms will be raised so they can keep their balance or to walk with one hand held by an adult "Her newborn reflexes have diminished, and she’s showing increased control over her gross motor movement" (About.com, 2013). Babies at 12 months old will also use their fine motor skills a lot. Babies will be able to pick up small objects with the fine pincer grasp between their thumb and the tip of their index finger. Babies will now be able to point with their index finger at toys/objects that they're interested in. Babies will be able to hold a crayon in a palmer grasp and use this to turn several pages. At 12 months babies will drop and throw toys on purpose and then look to see what they have landed. They will now be able to build with a small number of brick and arrange toys when on the floor " Similarly, your little one is illustrating increased dexterity as her fine motor skills refine. Her ability to pick up small objects between their thumb and finger is cause for you to be very aware of potential choking hazards" (About.com, 2013).
Sensory Development
When a baby is 12 months old they will be able to see almost as well as an adult would be able to. Their visual memory will be very good and that might find things that an adult may not be able to find. "Sensory and motor development is the gradual process by which a child gains use and coordination of the large muscles of the legs, trunk, and arms, and the smaller muscles of the hands" (My Health. Alberta.ca 2012). Babies will be able to know and respond straight away to their own name when it is being called, they will also regconise common sounds and voices that they've heard before.
Cognitive and Language Development
At 12 months old a baby will be using trial and error methods to learn and use different toys and objects. Babies will be able to speak two to six or maybe more recognisible words which they will show they understand many more babbling will have developed into a more speech like form, again with increased intonation. "Up until around now, when your family cat left the room, the cat ceased to exist for your infant. When you removed that toy from his view, he didn’t know that it was just put away in the basket he thought it no longer existed. The concept that objects and people in this world exist even when they are no longer able to be seen, heard, or touched is referred to as object permanence and this is a very important cognitive skill that emerges over time generally around 8-12 months of age or so" (Playing with words 365, 2012). At this age babies will be able to comprehend simple instructions connected with a gesture such as 'come to mummy', 'clap hands' and 'say hello'. Babies can now hand over objects to adults when they are asked to, they will also embark on treating toys/objects in a suitable way e.g. cuddle a teddy but use a hair brush. Deaf babies will stop babbling at around 12 months, this is because they are beginning to learn the special manual gestures of sign language.
Emotional and Social Development
At 12 months old babies will be closely reliant upon an adult's reassuring presence so they know they are doing something the right way. "Emotional and social growth during the first year of life can be both fascinating and exciting. As babies bond with their parents and caregivers, their interactions become more personal and engaging" (MyHealth.Alberta.ca, 2011).
Babies will still be shy with people they don't see often. At 12 months babies will be very loving towards the people you are close to. Babies will love to socialise at mealtimes, they will be joining in on conversations while trying to feed themselves. Babies will help you with daily routines such as getting washed and helping with getting dressed. At this age babies will often want a comfort toy or object this might be a teddy or a blanket. Babies will be emotionally labile, which means that they are likely to be having fluctuating moods.
Babies will still be shy with people they don't see often. At 12 months babies will be very loving towards the people you are close to. Babies will love to socialise at mealtimes, they will be joining in on conversations while trying to feed themselves. Babies will help you with daily routines such as getting washed and helping with getting dressed. At this age babies will often want a comfort toy or object this might be a teddy or a blanket. Babies will be emotionally labile, which means that they are likely to be having fluctuating moods.
Play
At 12 months old babies will love to play with toys that they are able to move along with their feet. Babies will get great pleasure at looking at picture books, in my placement when I look at picture books with the babies they will usually point to the picture and then I would tell them what it was, sometimes they would keep pointing at the same pictures. Babies will love to play with bricks and containers; they will put the toys into the containers and then take them out again. "Your little one will make great strides in learning. Play will take on a new dimension as language emerges. During these next few months, your baby's babbling will start to morph into words like "mama," "dada," and "baba.". (Kids Health, 1995-2013).
After 2 Months
· Babies will be able to way to someone they know and love.
· Babies will be starting to follow commands e.g. 'give mummy the ball'
· Babies will be able to stack a couple of cubes on their own but the tower will not yet be straight.
· Babies at 14 months should have a vocabulary of half a dozen words, 'no' being one of them that they will tend to use quite often.
· Babies will use negativity that is an effective way for them and it shows that they are demonstrating their new found identity and showing their growing confidence.
· At this age babies will tend to like to make a mess emptying toys/ objects out of things like cupboards, boxes draws etc.
· Babies will tend to drop a lot of things at this age and they will watch you pick it up after to them which they will learn from this.
· At this age it is important that you are looking out for the way babies are walking e.g. bowlegs, flat feet, and toeing out, All three of these conditions should disappear as the child's legs and feet continue to develop and when their balance improves.
· Play time will be critical for improving both children's motor and social skills as well as their self esteem. So it is important that all toddlers are getting the opportunity to have space and fun.
· Babies will get great excitement by may be confused when they play with a new toy.
· Babies at this age will get angry when they don't get a toy they want which in some children may mean that they will have a tantrum.
· You can now talk to them about unacceptable behaviour but they may not yet understand what you’re saying.
1 YEAR OLD 14 MONTHS OLD
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